More specifically:

The each state gets two seats in the senate, no matter how many people in it. In the house of representatives, each state gets a proportional number based on population, with a minimum of one, and those districts should have a roughly equal population within each state. Due to the cap on representatives and the minimum of one though, it can end up with an uneven number of people represented by each elected official when you compare between states.

If they control the legislature of the state though, they can also control the redistricting process that decides where the boundaries are for the federal house of representative districts and thus can gerrymander things. See this for an explanation of how one can produce districts that don’t resemble the underlying population: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrymandering

As for what these were, they are modified versions of the official YouTube app. What has been taken down is the full modified app files (.ipa) ready to install on an iPhone, not the source code to the tweaks that are in the repos.

These modifications do things like replicate the paid YouTube Premium features, from the uYou features list for example:

• Ad-Free Browsing: Bid farewell to interruptions and enjoy seamless video playback without annoying advertisements.
• Background Playback: Keep your favorite videos running in the background while you multitask or lock your device.
• Video and Audio Downloads: Download videos, shorts, and audio tracks in various formats, including MP4 and WebM, for offline viewing and listening pleasure.
• […]

You can see why Google would want to have them taken down. They aren’t even a re-implementation with their own code/UI like NewPipe.

Don’t need the premium version of Bitwarden to use passkeys. The free version works.

That said, $10 per year is not a big cost to support the company storing your vault and developing the apps.

Bitwarden can both generate and store them in the browser extension. It can also use them through the browser extension but it can’t yet use them through the mobile apps (they’re working on it).