Updates to macOS are free; the hardware sales make that possible.

Updates to third-party apps like MS Office and Adobe are entirely at the discretion of that vendor (both of those are likely subscription-only at this point).

LibreOffice is available for macOS, yes.

I think Oracle’s VirtualBox is still free for emulation. You can also use Boot Camp to install Windows natively for dual-booting.

Are upgrades to the newest and still supported macOS version free?

All of Apple’s macOS updates are free, and have been since 2013. They have exactly one major macOS update per year, with smaller bugfix releases interspersed. However, Apple drops official support for their computers after about 5 or 6 years. This is exactly the same as their update system for iOS and their other platforms. Apple is able to provide updates for free due to income from hardware sales, which Windows obviously isn’t in the same position to do.

macOS 14 Sonoma (the latest version) is officially supported for all Macs made since 2018. You can still install modern versions of macOS on unsupported devices, but you have to use third-party tools such as Open Core Legacy Patcher.

What other applications do macOS users get for free?

Apple has quite a few free apps, many of which come pre-installed with macOS. These include Safari (web browser), Messages, FaceTime (video-calling app), Maps, Pages (Apple’s version of MS Word) and more. Here’s a full list. You may recognise many of these from iOS. Controversially, most of these pre-installed apps receive updates with the OS, and can’t be updated without also updating the OS. Therefore, all of these apps receive free updates for as long as Apple updates the OS.

Apple also sells a handful of paid apps for a one-time charge, the most well-known of which is Final Cut Pro. They also have subscription services for some of their other apps, such as Apple Music.

Do macOS users get more free apps if they create an account with apple?

Some features require an “Apple ID” (Apple account). Some examples:

• Purchasing apps from the App Store or buying one of Apple’s subscriptions. Free apps can be downloaded without an Apple ID.
• Access to iMessage, which is Apple’s messaging protocol. It’s somewhat similar to the RTS protocol feature-wise, but it’s a closed system (in true Apple fashion). If you don’t sign in, you can still text others via SMS/MMS.
• Access to AirDrop, which allows you to send files to nearby Apple devices via BlueTooth.
• The ability to send and receive texts and calls from your Mac, if you have an iPhone.

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I’ve understood adobe and MS-Office are active at the mac app store. How does apple’s business model work?

Some apps are available on the App Store, and others are downloaded from the developer’s website. Most developers make their apps available from the web rather than the App Store, because Apple charges money to offer apps on the App Store. It costs $99 per year, plus 15-30% of the money made from people buying the app or from in-app purchases.

Microsoft Office apps are available from the App Store, but you have to download most Adobe apps from Adobe’s website. As mentioned above, this is to avoid the 15% cut that Apple would probably take from Adobe’s subscription revenue if it was available on the App Store.

Do I buy the app, pay once and get free updates and upgrades indefinitely? or do I have to pay them a monthly fee?

Apps are either free, have a one-time charge, or are subscription-based. Apps downloaded from the App Store are updated automatically, and most will give you free updates forever. The developer gets to choose which OS versions they support, and can publish updates for your device even after that device stops receiving OS updates from Apple.

Can LibreOffice be used on a macOS?

I don’t use LibreOffice personally, but their website says it’s supported. Another alternative is Apple’s equivalent of MS Office, which is free and supports MS file types.

Is there an emulator to use ubuntu or windows based apps on a mac? Are they free of charge?

There are emulators, yes. Wine is a free popular emulator for Windows apps. You may have used Wine on Linux before. Linux and macOS share some similarities on the technical side, because they are both based on UNIX (unlike Windows).

I personally use Whisky, which is Wine-based and has a nice GUI. It should be noted that not all windows apps will work through Wine, but I’ve had success with many apps and even some games (most recently Lethal Company, which I was able to run at a stable 120fps using Whisky).

Intead of emulating a single app using Wine, you can also emulate Windows entirely if you want to. I’ve used Virtual Box to do this in the past. Parallels Desktop is a sleeker alternative that many people use, but it’s subscription based. I personally haven’t tried it.

On older Macs (that have Intel chips) you can install Windows directly alongside macOS. Modern Macs (ones with Apple Silicon chips) can’t run Windows natively, but there is a version of Linux (Asahi Linux) that you can install.

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I hope this answers your questions :)

Instead of worrying about if you can emulate Ubuntu, I would suggest you should research UNIX, and in particular how macOS is certified UNIX so “under the hood” on the command line it works a lot like Linux since Linux is UNIX inspired (GNU literally stands for Gnu’s Not UNIX).

Also, there’s a pretty great 3rd-party FOSS package manager called Homebrew you can easily install that runs from the terminal and works much like any Linux package manager. A great deal of Linux software has been ported to macOS as it’s certified BSD-derived UNIX.